Artemis Karkanaki, Christos Vosnakis, Dimitrios Panidis
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a homodimeric glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Over the last decade, a large number of studies examining the multiple roles of AMH have been published. AMH levels accurately reflect the ovarian follicular reserve and could, therefore …
Niyutchai Chaithongdi, Jose S. Subauste, Christian A. Koch, Stephen A. Geraci
This article is aimed at providing a practical up-to-date review of the precipitating factors, diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) to assist critical care physicians and hospitalists caring for these patients …
Dragan Micic, Goran Cvijovic, Vladimir Trajkovic, Leonidas H. Duntas, Snezana Polovina
Metformin is considered, in conjunction with lifestyle modification, as a first-line treatment modality for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, several clinical studies have reported reduced incidence of neoplastic diseases in DM type 2 patients treated with metformin, as compared to diet or other antidiabetic agents …
Konstantinos A. Toulis, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Polyzois Makras
Targeting osteoblast may be the means of effectively improving both bone quality and mass, thus offering an intriguing alternative in the treatment of osteoporosis. Aside from injectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its novel preparations, PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), calcilytics …
Nikolaos D. Roupas, Neoklis A. Georgopoulos
OBJECTIVE: To highlight the recent developments in the field of menstrual function in sports and to provide an overview of our current understanding in regard to the pathophysiology, evaluation and management strategies of exercise-related reproductive dysfunction …
Nasiru Akamnu Ibrahim, Idowu Olusegun Fadeyibi
Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. It is the most frequent form of thyroid dysgenesis, accounting for 48-61% of the cases.1 Prevalence of this condition is reported to be between 1 per 100,000-300,000 persons …
Arash Babaei, Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani, Ehsan Bahrami, Richard J. Ross
Leptin, the adipocyte derived hormone, has a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis and appetite. Beyond this essential role in bodyweight control, leptin also regulates the immune responses. Leptin has pro-inflammatory effects on T cell populations, shifting the T helper balance towards a TH1 phenotype, through induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulation …
Alexandra Bargiota, Konstantinos Dimitropoulos, Vassilios Tzortzis,, Georgios N. Koukoulis
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide and a growing public health burden. The number of people with diabetes is increasing due to population growth, aging, urbanization, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. Diabetes is known to cause multiple medical …
Foteini Economidou, Evangelia Douka, Marinella Tzanela, Serafeim Nanas, Anastasia Kotanidou
The metabolic support of the critically ill patient is a relatively new target of active research and little is as yet known about the effects of critical illness on metabolism. The nonthyroidal illness syndrome, also known as the low T3 syndrome or euthyroid sick syndrome, describes a condition characterized by abnormal thyroid function …
Olga Karapanou, Anastasios Papadimitriou
It has been more than 120 years since a committee of the Royal College of Physicians in London linked the paramount role of the thyroid gland to normal brain development.1 Currently, all developed countries and an increasing number of the developing ones have implemented the neonatal hypothyroidism screening test for early diagnosis …
George Carayanniotis
Increased iodide intake has been linked to the development of hypothyroidism and/or autoimmune thyroiditis in humans and animals, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Increased ingestion of iodide is likely to have pleiotropic effects on either metabolic or immunological processes. Within the latter domain, recent interest has been focused on two areas …
Vasiliki Skarpa, Eleni Κousta, Athanasia Tertipi, Konstantinos Anyfandakis, Marina Vakaki, Maria Dolianiti, Aspasia Fotinou, Asteroula Papathanasiou
OBSECTIVE: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children. The aim of the study was to define the epidemiological clinical and laboratory characteristics of children and adolescents with AT. DESIGN: Various parameters including thyroid ultrasonography of 228 children and adolescents …
Anna-Maria Touvra, Konstantinos A. Volaklis, Apostolos T. Spassis, Christos E. Zois, Helen T. Douda, Kalliopi Kotsa, Savvas P. Tokmakidis
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a combined strength and aerobic training program on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Ten patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 55.5 (5) years [median (IQR)] participated in a supervised systematic exercise training program …
Stathopoulos P. Ioannis, Liakou G. Chrysoula, Katsalira Aikaterini, Trovas George, Lyritis P. George, Papaioannou A. Nikolaos, Tournis Symeon
OBJECTIVE: The unique pharmacokinetics of bisphosphonates (BPs) in conjunction with their use by an increasing number of women at reproductive age has raised serious concerns about their safety during pregnancy and lactation. Bisphosphonates cross the placenta. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on both the fetus and the mother …
Gianluca Tamagno, Gadintshware Gaoatswe
Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease is a rare condition presenting in the setting of autoimmune thyroid disease and characterized by unspecific neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms. Bearing in mind the currently prevailing lack of consensus on the most appropriate nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for this condition and the implications …
Guilherme Rosa, Estelio H.M. Dantas, Danielli Braga de Mello
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of concurrent training (CT) on serum leptin, cortisol and zinc concentrations in physically active adults. DESIGN: Ten subjects aged (27.1±4.8 years, BMI 25.49 ± 2.65) were recruited to participate in three sessions: control session (CS), concurrent training 1 (CT1) and concurrent training 2 (CT2) sessions with five days of resting between them. In each session blood samples for leptin …
Panagiotis N. Singhellakis, Fotini Ch. Malandrinou, Catherine J. Psarrou, Alexandra M. Danelli, Sotirios D. Tsalavoutas, Evangelia S. Constandellou
OBJECTIVE: The precise incidence of vitamin D deficiency is not known, primarily because there is no consensus on the optimal levels of serum 25(OH)Vitamin D. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in a large group of normal adult volunteers residing in a typical temperate region …
Christakou Charikleia, Economou Frangiskos, Livadas Sarantis, Piperi Christina, Adamopoulos Christos, Marinakis Evangelos, Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia
OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activate the intracellular Nuclear Factor-κB pathway in endothelial cells, leading to production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide which causes endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to assess ΕΤ-1 and AGEs levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome …
Charilaos Stylianou, Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, George Koliakos, George Varlamis
Objective: The exact role of ghrelin in the control of growth hormone (GH) secretion has not been completely clarified as yet. The aim of the present study was 1) to investigate the effect of a substance promoting GH secretion (clonidine) on ghrelin levels in children with short stature with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and normal growth hormone …
Ariachery C. Ammini, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Jaya Praksh Sahoo, Jim Philip, Nikhil Tandon, Ravinder Goswami, Viveka P. Jyotsna, Rajesh Khadgawat, Sunil Chumber, Aashu Seth, Asis K. Karak, Bhawani S. Sharma, Poodipedi Sarat Chandra, Ashish Suri, Manish S. Sharma, Shashank S. Kale, Manmohan Singh
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic results of intervention and the factors affecting the outcome of patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) cared for at the All Indian Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi. DESIGN. Patients with Cushing’s disease treated at a teritiary care centre from January 2000 to December 2009 were prospectively studied …
Paola Travaglino, Cristina Meazza, Sara Pagani, Giada Biddeci, Mauro Bozzola
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a secular trend in growth occurred during the last century in Pygmies from Cameroon (West Pygmies) and in Bantu rural farmers, the latter being studied to serve as controls. DESIGN: The evolution in height of West Pygmies and Bantu farmers from 1911 to 2006 was evaluated using data from the literature …
Cenk Aral, Mustafa Akkiprik, Sinan Caglayan, Zehra Atabey, Gokhan Ozişik, Nuray Bekiroglu, Ayşe Ozer
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Among them, a T>C nucleotide transition on the 16189 nucleotide position of mtDNA has been studied in several metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. In this study we aimed to investigate the association of this polymorphism …
Dionisios Chrysis, Andrei S. Chagin, Lars Savendahl
OBJECTIVE: In skeletal muscle, glucocorticoids induce catabolism and proteolysis which is accomplished via the ubiquitin (Ub) proteolytic pathway. Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle which, compared to skeletal muscle, more abundantly expresses components of the Ub pathway, thus suggesting an important role for this pathway in heart physiology …
Nicos Skordis, Christos Shammas, Elisavet Efstathiou, Amalia Sertedaki, Vassos Neocleous, Leonidas Phylactou
BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of 5α-reductase deficiency, caused by mutations in the SRD5A2 gene, ranges from complete female appearance of the external genitalia at birth to nearly complete male phenotype. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhea (PA) and lack of breast development …
Vana Spoulou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Irini Bathrellou, Stefano Mora, Glyceria Mostrou, Lambros Sidossis, George Chrousos, Maria Theodoridou
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have thus far assessed body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptrometry (DXA) in children with HIV, primarily because reference data for normally growing children and adolescents are not available. Our study aimed at evaluating body composition in children with HIV and their relatiοn to serum lipids and glucose homeostasis …