Niyutchai Chaithongdi, Jose S. Subauste, Christian A. Koch, Stephen A. Geraci
This article is aimed at providing a practical up-to-date review of the precipitating factors, diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) to assist critical care physicians and hospitalists caring for these patients …
Nasiru Akamnu Ibrahim, Idowu Olusegun Fadeyibi
Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. It is the most frequent form of thyroid dysgenesis, accounting for 48-61% of the cases.1 Prevalence of this condition is reported to be between 1 per 100,000-300,000 persons …
Olga Karapanou, Anastasios Papadimitriou
It has been more than 120 years since a committee of the Royal College of Physicians in London linked the paramount role of the thyroid gland to normal brain development.1 Currently, all developed countries and an increasing number of the developing ones have implemented the neonatal hypothyroidism screening test for early diagnosis …
Stathopoulos P. Ioannis, Liakou G. Chrysoula, Katsalira Aikaterini, Trovas George, Lyritis P. George, Papaioannou A. Nikolaos, Tournis Symeon
OBJECTIVE: The unique pharmacokinetics of bisphosphonates (BPs) in conjunction with their use by an increasing number of women at reproductive age has raised serious concerns about their safety during pregnancy and lactation. Bisphosphonates cross the placenta. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on both the fetus and the mother …
Christakou Charikleia, Economou Frangiskos, Livadas Sarantis, Piperi Christina, Adamopoulos Christos, Marinakis Evangelos, Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia
OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activate the intracellular Nuclear Factor-κB pathway in endothelial cells, leading to production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide which causes endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to assess ΕΤ-1 and AGEs levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome …
Cenk Aral, Mustafa Akkiprik, Sinan Caglayan, Zehra Atabey, Gokhan Ozişik, Nuray Bekiroglu, Ayşe Ozer
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Among them, a T>C nucleotide transition on the 16189 nucleotide position of mtDNA has been studied in several metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. In this study we aimed to investigate the association of this polymorphism …
Antonis Polymeris, Peter D. Papapetrou, Fotini Papandroulaki, Stavroula Thanou
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies showed that insulin stimulated directly calcitonin (Ct) secretion in the pig thyroid, while dexamethasone stimulated the production of Ct and Ct mRNA in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cell lines. The objective of this study was to investigate if hyperinsulinemia during the oral glucose tolerance test …
Stelios Tigas, Petros Papachilleos, Nikolaos Ligkros, Maria Andrikoula, Agathocles Tsatsoulis
Glucocorticoids are commonly used in the treatment of patients with thyroid disorders, in particular Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an infrequent but potentially serious condition characterised by recurrent episodes of weakness associated with hypokalemia …
Kerstin Hagemann, Maura Zanolari Calderari, Aurel Perren, Ian Cree, Primus E. Mullis, Christa E. Flück
Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children and present with variable signs depending on the type of hormone excess. We herein describe the unusual presentation of a child with adrenocortical tumor and introduce the concept of in vitro chemosensitivity testing. CASE REPORT: A 10.5-year-old girl presented with hypertrichosis/hirsutism and weight loss …
Carlos del Pozo, Luis García-Pascual, Montserrat Balsells, María-José Barahona, Enrique Veloso, Clarisa González, Jordi Anglada-Barceló
Parathyroid carcinoma is an infrequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Although hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) syndrome is the most common manifestation, parathyroid carcinoma is rare. We report a male patient who was diagnosed at 44 years of age with parathyroid carcinoma in the context of MEN1 syndrome coincident …