Dragan Micic, Goran Cvijovic, Vladimir Trajkovic, Leonidas H. Duntas, Snezana Polovina
Metformin is considered, in conjunction with lifestyle modification, as a first-line treatment modality for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, several clinical studies have reported reduced incidence of neoplastic diseases in DM type 2 patients treated with metformin, as compared to diet or other antidiabetic agents …
Florian Lang, Christos Stournaras
Serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (SGK1) is under regulation of several hormones, mediators and cell stressors. More specifically, SGK1 expression is particularly sensitive to glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and TGFβ. Moreover, SGK1 expression is exquisitely sensitive to hypertonicity, hyperglycemia, and ischemia …
Eva Lau, Davide Carvalho, Cidália Pina-Vaz, José-Adelino Barbosa, Paula Freitas
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases that have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Although their etiology is complex, both result from interplay between behaviour, environment and genetic factors. Within ambient determinants, human overall gut bacteria have been identified as a crucial mediator …
Apostolos Achimastos, Theodoros Alexandrides, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Vasilios Athyros, Alexandra Bargiota, Eleni Bilianou, Christina Chrysochoou, Evridiki Drogari, Moses Elisaf, Emanouel Ganotakis, Ioannis Goudevenos, Ioannis Ioannidis, Genovefa Kolovou, Vasilios Kotsis, Ioannis Lekakis, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Andreas Melidonis, Vasilios Nikolaou, George Ntaios, Nikolaos Papanas, Stavros Pappas, Christos Pitsavos, Loukianos Rallidis, Dimitrios Richter, Ioannis Skoumas, Nicolaos Tentolouris, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Alexandros Tselepis, KonstantinosTsioufis, Dimitrios Tziakas, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Panagiotis Vardas, Charalabos Vlachopoulos, Dimitrios Vlahakos
Two proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, evolocumab and alirocumab, have recently been approved by both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. These fully human monoclonal antibodies selectively block PCSK9, thus permitting the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor to effectively recycle to the surface of liver cells. The administration of these antibodies leads to robust LDL …
Retha R. Newbold
Environmental chemicals with hormone-like activity can disrupt programming of endocrine signaling pathways during development and result in adverse effects, some of which may not be apparent until much later in life. Recent reports link exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals during development with adverse health consequences …
Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Ana Belιn Ropero, Sergi Soriano, Ivan Quesada, Angel Nadal
The aim of this review was to analyze the potential effects of environmental chemicals on homeostatic control related to glycemia and energy balance. Many of the environmental chemicals can mimic or interfere with the action of hormones and are generally referred to as “endocrine disruptors” …
Adeela Shahid, Khalid P. Lone, Sadia Saeed, Muhammad Arslan
OBJECTIVE: We studied the influence of positive family history (FH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in male offspring using multiple metabolic and endocrine parameters in order to assess whether one or more of these parameters can be used as indicators for T2DM development later in life. DESIGN: Fifty male subjects with one diabetic parent (ODP) and thirty with both diabetic parents …
Eugen Melcescu, Michael Griswold, Lianbin Xiang, Sheila Belk, Denise Montgomery, Marilyn Bray, Kevin S. Del Ben, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Gailen D. Marshall, Christian A. Koch
OBJECTIVE: Polymorphisms (SNP) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene can alter sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Previous studies of the N363S and BclI SNP in the GR gene have shown a metabolic syndrome phenotype in mostly non-African populations. The obesity phenotype of African Americans …
Ioannis G Habeos, Agathoklis Psyrogiannis, Venetsana Kyriazopoulou, A Psilopanagiotou, Athanasios G Papavassiliou, Apostolos G Vagenakis
Several authors have suggested a positive association between diabetes type 2 (DM2) and the C282Y and H63D mutations of the hereditary hemochromatosis gene but others have disputed it. There are also papers reporting an increased iron load in diabetes type 2 and a possible association with the pathogenesis of the disease …
Vasileios Tzortzis, Michael Samarinas, Ioannis Zachos, Athanasios Oeconomou, Louis L. Pisters, Alexandra Bargiota
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most effective treatment for this disease. The cornerstone of the treatment of prostate cancer is inhibition of testosterone production which interrupts testosterone-induced growth of the prostate tumor. The dramatic decrease in testosterone levels …
Katerina Saltiki, Adrianna Cimponeriu, Kyriaki Lili, Melpomeni Peppa, Eleni Anastasiou, Maria Alevizaki
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk increases in women after the menopause. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes on the severity of CAD in postmenopausal women undergoing coronary angiography. Design: 180 postmenopausal women underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD …
George Dimitriadis, Eleni Boutati, Athanasios E. Raptis, Erifili Hatziagelaki, Panayota Mitrou, Vaia Lambadiari, Nikolaos Tountas, Theofanis Economopoulos, Sotirios A. Raptis
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of GlucoDay® – a portable detector of subcutaneous glucose – by comparing the results to those obtained by Biostator® an established and reliable method for continuous glucose measurement in whole blood. DESIGN: Subjects with type 1 diabetes (n:6), subjects with type 2 diabetes …
Cenk Aral, Mustafa Akkiprik, Sinan Caglayan, Zehra Atabey, Gokhan Ozişik, Nuray Bekiroglu, Ayşe Ozer
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Among them, a T>C nucleotide transition on the 16189 nucleotide position of mtDNA has been studied in several metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. In this study we aimed to investigate the association of this polymorphism …
Stefano Stagi, Cristina Manoni, Valentina Cirello, Danila Covelli, Sabrina Giglio, Francesco Chiarelli, Salvatore Seminara, Maurizio de Martino
The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is characterized by elevated serum free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) in the presence of unsuppressed TSH levels, reflecting resistance to the normal negative feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus and pituitary …
Stelios Fountoulakis, Labrini Papanastasiou, Alexandros Gryparis, Athina Markou, George Piaditis
OBJECTIVE: To monitor and control the blood glucose levels in inefficiently insulin-treated patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using a telemonitoring system and determine whether the improvement of HbA1c has a lasting effect following its discontinuation …
Sena Yesil, Baris Akinci, Serkan Yener, Firat Bayraktar, Ozalp Karabay, Hasan Havitcioglu, Nur Yapar, Atay Atabey5 Yasin Kucukyavas, Abdurrahman Comlekci, Sevinc Eraslan
OBJECTIVE: Prediction of diabetic foot ulcer outcome may be helpful for clinicians in optimizing and individualizing management strategy. The aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of predicting the outcome of patients with diabetic foot ulcers by using easily assessed clinical and laboratory parameters at baseline …
Niki Papavramidou, Helen Christopoulou-Aletra
The term diabetes first appears in a text by Aretaeus to describe a disease of the kidneys. Galen is likely to have borrowed this term from Aretaeus also to describe the same disorder, though in a manner somewhat uncharacteristic of his writings. Taken as a whole, only a few mentions may be found in the Galenic writings …
Konstantinos Laios, Marianna Karamanou, Zenia Saridaki, George Androutsos
The name Aretaeus of Cappadocia has been linked with diabetes more than that of any other physician of antiquity, his texts forming a sophisticated synthesis of the previous knowledge on this disease copiously supplemented by his own observations …