Pavlos Poulakos, Gesthimani Mintziori, Efrosini Tsirou, Eleftheria Taousani, Dimitra Savvaki, Vikentia Harizopoulou, Dimitrios G. Goulis
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a topic of major interest, as it affects up to 16% of pregnant women and may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, which, however, are preventable by appropriate treatment. The aim of the present study was to discuss basic concepts and to critically appraise recent updates on practical issues …
Niyutchai Chaithongdi, Jose S. Subauste, Christian A. Koch, Stephen A. Geraci
This article is aimed at providing a practical up-to-date review of the precipitating factors, diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) to assist critical care physicians and hospitalists caring for these patients …
Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Ourania Papaioannou, Kalliopi Kotsa
Although surgery is unambiguously recommended for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients, management options for asymptomatic patients have varied between surgery, medications and follow-up. To deal with this issue, four International Workshops have taken place, in 1990, 2002, 2008 and 2014 …
Nasiru Akamnu Ibrahim, Idowu Olusegun Fadeyibi
Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. It is the most frequent form of thyroid dysgenesis, accounting for 48-61% of the cases.1 Prevalence of this condition is reported to be between 1 per 100,000-300,000 persons …
George N. Zografos, Iraklis Perysinakis, Evangeline Vassilatou
Clinically inapparent adrenal masses which are incidentally detected have become a common problem in everyday practice. Approximately 5-20% of adrenal incidentalomas present subclinical cortisol hypersecretion which is characterized by subtle alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …
George N. Zografos, Iraklis Perysinakis, Eustathia Kyrodimou, Eva Kassi, Gregory Kaltsas
Although the great majority of incidentalomas are adrenocortical adenomas, a number of them, depending on the size and radiological characteristics of the lesions, will turn out to be carcinomas. These tumors may present as suspicious on initial evaluation and potentially malignant or malignant on histology …
Polyzois Makras, Antonios Galanos, Stavroula Rizou, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, George P. Lyritis
OBJECTIVE: This article describes the development and validation of the osteoporosis treatment questionnaire (OSTREQ), which is a physician-reported outcome tool aiming to evaluate physicians’ criteria in the choice of osteoporosis treatment. DESIGN: The questionnaire –named OSTREQ– consisting of 17 questions that were divided into eight sections …
Olga Moshkin, Luis V. Syro, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Leon D. Ortiz, Camilo E. Fadul, Humberto Uribe, Ricardo Gonzalez, Michael Cusimano, Eva Horvath, Fabio Rotondo, Kalman Kovacs
Temozolomide (TMZ) has recently been recommended as a novel approach in the management of aggressive pituitary tumors. Herein, we present the case of a 43-year-old man with a 20-year history of silent subtype 2 pituitary corticotroph adenoma. Nine surgical resections and radiotherapy had failed to provide a cure. Morphological evaluation of the tumor revealed …
Carlo Gobitti, Alessandro Sindoni, Chiara Bampo, Tanja Baresic, Giorgio Giorda, Lara Alessandrini, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Giovanni Franchin, Eugenio Borsatti
Struma ovarii (SO), a rare tumor containing at least 50% of thyroid tissue, represents approximately 5% of all ovarian teratomas; its malignant transformation rate is reported to occur in up to 10% of cases and metastases occur in about 5-6% of them. We describe a 36-year old woman who underwent laparoscopic left annessectomy two years earlier because of an ovarian cyst. Follow-up imaging revealed a right adnexal mass, ascitis and peritoneal nodes that were diagnosed as comprising a malignant …