Combined strength and aerobic training increases transforming growth factor-β1 in patients with type 2 diabetes

Anna-Maria Touvra, Konstantinos A. Volaklis, Apostolos T. Spassis, Christos E. Zois, Helen T. Douda, Kalliopi Kotsa, Savvas P. Tokmakidis

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a combined strength and aerobic training program on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Ten patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 55.5 (5) years [median (IQR)] participated in a supervised systematic exercise training program …