Issue 1 (January-March)161 – HORMONES (Archive)

Vitamin D and aspects of female fertility

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Nick Voulgaris, Labrini Papanastasiou, George Piaditis, Anna Angelousi, Gregory Kaltsas, George Mastorakos, Eva Kassi

The role of vitamin D in female reproduction has been intensively examined over the last few decades. A large body of evidence suggests that vitamin D might have beneficial effects on metabolic/hormonal parameters of PCOS and endometriosis, while it appears to be associated with IVF outcomes. However, due to the heterogeneity among observational and interventional studies, no cause-effect relationship has yet been established. The aim of this review is to analyze recent in vitro animal and human studies …

Which type 2 diabetes mellitus patients should be screened for subclinical Cushing’s syndrome?

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Güven Barış Cansu, Sevgi Atılgan, Mustafa Kemal Balcı, Ramazan Sarı, Sebahat Özdem, Hasan Ali Altunbaş

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OBJECTIVE: Diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance are common in patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS). In this study we investigated the incidence of subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) in type 2 diabetic patients with poor and good metabolic control and the relationship between blood glucose and cortisol levels. DESIGN: A total of 400 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (Group A, HbA1c ≥8%, n=250; Group B, HbA1c ≤6.5%, n=150) were included in the study …

Serum kisspeptin concentrations are negatively correlated with body mass index in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea

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Flora Bacopoulou, George I. Lambrou, Maria-Evangelia Rodanaki,Evgenia Stergioti, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Efthymios Deligeoroglou, Sophia L. Markantonis

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OBJECTIVE: To measure, for the first time, serum kisspeptin concentrations in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated amenorrhea, and investigate potential correlations of kisspeptin with anthropometric, bone and hormonal data. DESIGN: Setting: University Adolescent Medicine Center. Participants: Females aged 12-20 years with typical or atypical AN (based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria) and controls …

Psychological vulnerability to stress in carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

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Eleni-Magdalini Kyritsi, Georgia Koltsida, Ioanna Farakla, Aikaterini Papanikolaou, Elena Critselis, Emilia Mantzou, Emmanouil Zoumakis, Gerasimos Kolaitis, George P. Chrousos, Evangelia Charmandari

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OBJECTIVE: Carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) demonstrate increased secretion of cortisol precursors following ACTH stimulation, suggestive of impaired cortisol production and compensatory increases in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion. Both cortisol and CRH have behavioral effects, and hypothalamic CRH hypersecretion has been associated with chronic states of anxiety and depression …

The impact of thyroid autoimmunity (TPOAb) on bone density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women

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Snezana P. Polovina, Dragana Miljic, Sladjana Zivojinovic, Natasa Milic, Dragan Micic, Vera Popovic Brkic

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OBJECTIVE: Skeletal development, linear growth, cartilage biology and bone turnover are highly dependent on the activity of thyroid hormones. Thyroid dysfunction affects the skeleton, and autoimmune thyroid disease, manifesting as a chronic inflammatory condition, may be an important contributing factor to impaired bone quality in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurement of TSH, FT4, TPOAb and bone mineral density and FRAX score calculations were performed …

Removal of a high-fat diet, but not voluntary exercise, reverses obesity and diabetic-like symptoms in male C57BL/6J mice

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Aikaterini Hatzidis, Jasmin A. Hicks, Rachel R. Gelineau, Nicole L. Arruda, Isabella Monteiro De Pina, Karyn E. O’Connell, Joseph A. Seggio

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OBJECTIVE: Both the consumption of high-fat diets and exercise are known to produce alterations in metabolism and behavior. This study focuses on the effects of a change to a low-fat diet from a high-fat diet and voluntary exercise on obesity, type-2 diabetic-like symptoms, and locomotor behavior in male C57BL/6J mice. DESIGN: Mice were initially given either a high-fat diet or regular chow, along with a cage …

Association between TPO Asn698Thr and Thr725Pro gene polymorphisms and serum anti-TPO levels in Iranian patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

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Amirhosein Khoshi, Alireza Sirghani, Mehran Ghazisaeedi, Ali Zarei Mahmudabadi, Amir Azimian

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OBJECTIVE: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as high levels of TSH in the presence of normal levels of serum FT4. Since thyroid peroxidase (TPO) plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis, variations in the TPO gene can change the enzyme structure and result in the production of anti-TPO antibodies. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the Asn698Thr (A2095C) and Thr725Pro (A2173C) polymorphisms of the TPO gene and anti-TPO levels in patients with SCH …

Somatotropinomas inadequately controlled with octreotide may over-respond to pasireotide: the importance of dose adjustment to achieve long-term biochemical control

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Ilan Shimon, Wolfgang Saeger, Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg, Monica R. Gadelha

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OBJECTIVE: To present two female patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled with long-acting octreotide who were subsequently treated with the multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analogue pasireotide that over-suppressed IGF-1 levels. METHODS: We report two patients who failed surgery and received long-acting octreotide 20-30 mg/month as part of two double-blind, Phase III clinical trials. After 6-12 months of octreotide treatment, both patients remained inadequately controlled and were switched …

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a girl with 48, XXXX and Rathke’s cleft cyst

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Surabhi Uppal, Youn Hee Jee, Marissa Lightbourne, Joan C. Han, Constantine A. Stratakis

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BACKGROUND: Tetrasomy X is a rare chromosomal aneuploidy seen in girls, associated with facial dysmorphism, premature ovarian insufficiency and intellectual disability. A Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) is a remnant of Rathke’s pouch which may cause multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies by exerting pressure on the pituitary gland in the sella. METHODS/RESULTS: The patient was diagnosed with tetrasomy X by karyotyping during infancy …

Hypophysis. From outgrowth, to ocular disorder to pituitary gland

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Konstantinos Laios, George Androutsos, Maria Piagkou, Marilita M. Moschos

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In ancient Greek the term ὑπόφυσις meant literally something growing from below, the word being composed of the two elements hypo (Greek: ὑπό, below) and phyomai (φύομαι, grow). In ancient Greek medical literature we find this term with various meanings …