Thyroid cancer – HORMONES (Archive)

Unresolved issues, dilemmas and points of interest in thyroid cancer: A current perspective

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Nicholas J Sarlis, Loukas Gourgiotis

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine malignancy. In the overwhelming majority of cases, thyroid carcinomas are well-differentiated malignancies that respond favorably to treatment; however, this outcome cannot be absolutely guaranteed. The absence of large prospective randomized clinical trials in TC—due to its low incidence and protracted clinical course in cases with persistent/recurrent metastatic disease—results in considerable debates regarding the optimal treatment and follow-up regimens in this malignancy…

Thyroid cancer in childhood: Management strategy, including dosimetry and long-term results

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Markus Luster, Michael Lassmann, Lutz S. Freudenberg, Christoph Reiners

Thyroid cancer, although very rare in childhood, represents the most common pediatric endocrine neoplasia. The low incidence and the resulting limited availability of prospective, randomized trials lead to a lack of evidence- based recommendations for treatment strategies. Total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy …

Increasing world incidence of thyroid cancer: Increased detection or higher radiation exposure?

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Leonard Wartofsky

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with more deaths annually than all other endocrine cancers combined. Medical centers in many parts of the world have noted an increasing frequency of cases of thyroid cancer. The general impression has been that if there is a rising frequency, it was likely due to some environmental cause …

Autoimmunity in differentiated thyroid cancer: Significance and related clinical problems

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Åse Krogh Rasmussen

Coexistence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and thyroid autoimmune diseases could represent a mere coincidence due to the frequent occurrence of autoimmunity, but there may also be a pathological and causative link between the two conditions. The coincidence of DTC with Hashimoto’s disease has been variably reported …

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas: is there a need for thyroidectomy?

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Alexandra Chrisoulidou, Paschalia K. Iliadou, Eleni Doumala, Lemonia Mathiopoulou, Maria Boudina, Maria Alevizaki, Frideriki Patakiouta, Ekaterini Xinou, Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou

OBJECTIVE: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) carcinoma is a rare entity and its management is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to: (a) identify patients with TGDC carcinoma followed up in our clinic and (b) study specific characteristics of the disease and their association with thyroid carcinoma …

Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid function, goiter formation and autoimmune thyroid disorders

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Nikolaos Pontikides, Gerassimos E. Krassas

Both smoking and thyroid dysfunction are frequent in the general population. Many studies have shown that cigarette smoking interferes with thyroid function and with the evolution of thyroid pathology (e.g. goiter formation and thyroid cancer development). Some studies have also suggested a significant correlation of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Graves’ ophthalmopathy…

Epidemiological characteristics of children with autoimmune thyroid disease

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Vasiliki Skarpa, Eleni Κousta, Athanasia Tertipi, Konstantinos Anyfandakis, Marina Vakaki, Maria Dolianiti, Aspasia Fotinou, Asteroula Papathanasiou

OBSECTIVE: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children. The aim of the study was to define the epidemiological clinical and laboratory characteristics of children and adolescents with AT. DESIGN: Various parameters including thyroid ultrasonography of 228 children and adolescents …

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presenting as lymph node metastasis – a diagnostic challenge: case report and systematic review of literature

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Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Polyzois Makras, Lampros Kampas, Rosalia-Maria Valeri, Kyriakoulis Dimitrios, Thomas Zarampoukas, Maria Alevizaki

Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) have an excellent prognosis, although a few may metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. However, an infiltrated palpable neck node without evidence of thyroid disease at presentation is uncommon. We report a patient with PTMC presenting …

Annual increase in the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma as diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration at a cytology unit in Sicily

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Massimo Rizzo, Alessandro Sindoni, Raffaele Talamo Rossi, Orsola Bonaffini, Stefania Panetta, Claudio Scisca, Giuseppe Altavilla, Lucia Denaro, Antonio Rosanò, Giovanna Saraceno, Francesco Trimarchi, Salvatore Benvenga

Comparison of color-Doppler and qualitative and quantitative strain-elastography for differentiation of thyroid nodules in daily practice

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Manuela Götzberger, Susanne Krueger, Roland Gärtner, Martin Reincke, Matthias Pichler, Gerald Assmann, Thomas Mussack, Michael Zimmermann, Veit Gülberg

OBJECTIVE: Strain-elastography provides a new ultrasound-based method that can offer information about the stiffness of thyroid nodules as an indicator of malignancy. The aim of our study was to compare the utility of color-Doppler and strain-elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant nodules. DESIGN AND METHODS: 77 thyroid nodules (70 benign and 7 malignant) from 70 unselected patients (48 female/22 male, mean age 49.7±14.3 years) were evaluated with color-Doppler …

The use of recombinant human thyrotropin (Thyrogen) in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer

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Leonidas H. Duntas, Nikolaos Tsakalakos, Brigitte Grab-Duntas, Maria Kalarritou, Elli Papadodima

The introduction of human recombinant thyrotropin (rhTSH/Thyrogen) into the diagnosis of thyroid cancer has substantially ameliorated the patient’s quality of life through the avoidance of debilitating hypothyroidism. With the aim of updating the use of Thyrogen, we report 7 cases which were treated with Thyrogen for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes …

Role of color Doppler ultrasonography in the preoperative management of cold thyroid nodules

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Emmanuel Varverakis, Evaggelos Neonakis, Maria Tzardi, Emmanuel Chrysos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of color flow Doppler (CFD) sonography in the preoperative management of benign and malignant cold thyroid nodules. DESIGN: Eighty-five patients with a cold thyroid nodule larger than 1cm were examined with CFD sonography prior to thyroidectomy. The histological examination revealed that 18 (21%) patients had malignant nodules …

Differentiated thyroid cancer in Greece: 1963-2000. Relation to demographic and environmental factors

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Ioannis Ilias, Maria Alevizaki, Elli Lakka-Papadodima, Demetrios A. Koutras

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a relatively rare neoplasia, accounting for 0.35%-0.38% of total deaths due to cancer in Greece. Environmental/nutritional factors are considered to play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this retrospective review of patients’ histories from three of the largest specialized centers in southern Greece, from 1963 to 2000…

Detection rate of somatostatin receptor PET in patients with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

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Giorgio Treglia, Adriana Tamburello, Luca Giovanella

PURPOSE: Several articles have demonstrated the high diagnostic performance of somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). On the other hand, only a few studies have evaluated the detection rate (DR) of this imaging method in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We aimed to perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the DR of somatostatin receptor PET or PET/CT in patients with recurrent MTC to add evidence-based data …

Results of the Thyroid Cancer Alliance international patient/survivor survey: Psychosocial/informational support needs, treatment side effects and international differences in care

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Rita Banach, Beate Bartès, Kate Farnell, Harald Rimmele, Joan Shey, Susanne Singer, Frederik A. Verburg, Markus Luster, for the Thyroid Cancer Alliance

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively assess the experience of a large, diverse cohort and identify potential care improvements, the Thyroid Cancer Alliance, an international patient/survivor group coalition, surveyed thyroid cancer patients/survivors worldwide …

Clinical implications of molecular studies for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

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Markus Eszlinger, Kurt Werner Schmid, Ralf Paschke

The evaluation of patients with nodular thyroid disease is focused on two main aspects, namely the exclusion of thyroid malignancy and the exclusion of hyperthyroidism in regions with borderline iodine supply. However, the identification and preoperative typing of both the substantially less frequently occurring thyroid carcinomas …

Contribution of high-resolution ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant thyroid nodules

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Emmanuel Varverakis, Evaggelos Neonakis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of “high-resolution ultrasonography” in the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant thyroid nodules. The study included ultrasonography examination of 77 patients with thyroid nodules, who underwent thyroidectomy. The histological findings were subsequently compared …

TSH suppressive therapy: An overview of long-term clinical consequences

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David S. Cooper

An overview of long-term clinical consequences of TSH suppressive therapy provides evidence that serum TSH levels should be maintained at levels <0.1 mU/l in high-risk (stage III and IV) patients, whereas lower-risk patients should be allowed to have their TSH levels rise into the normal range after residual disease has been ruled out …

Which is the best predictor of thyroid cancer: thyrotropin, thyroglobulin or their ratio?

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Pinar Yazici, Mehmet Mihmanli, Emre Bozkurt, Feyza Yener Ozturk, Mehmet Uludag

OBJECTIVE: Since documented incidence of thyroid cancer has been rising over time, in part due to incidental small papillary cancer, several studies have been carried out to investigate the role of possible serum markers of thyroid cancer prior to surgery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. AIM: To investigate the role of thyroglobulin (Tg), thyrotropin (TSH) and the TSH:Tg, Tg:TSH ratio in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer …

Papillary thyroid carcinoma producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with neutrophilia and eosinophilia

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Evangeline Vassilatou, Markos Fisfis, George Morphopoulos, Sotiria Savva, Eugenia Voucouti, Katerine Stefanoudaki, Ioanna Tzavara

Thyroid tumors producing colony-stimulating factors associated with neutrophilia and/or eosinophilia are very rare and almost all of them concern anaplastic thyroid cancer. Only one case of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with neutrophilia and one case of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with eosinophilia have been reported.