Maria P. Yavropoulou, Anna Maladaki, John G. Yovos
Pituitary adenomas are usually benign tumors that cause symptoms by compression of surrounding structures or impaired hormone secretion. Treatment, whether surgical or medical depends, on the tumor subtype and degree of compression; however, a significant proportion of patients do not achieve optimal control …
Stefano Stagi, Chiara Iurato, Elisabetta Lapi, Loredana Cavalli, Maria Luisa Brandi, Maurizio de Martino
More and more data seem to indicate the presence of an increasing number of syndromes and genetic diseases characterized by impaired bone mass and quality. Meanwhile, the improvement of etiopathogenetic knowledge and the employment of more adequate treatments have generated a significant increase …
Sotirios Maipas, Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati
Ultraviolet solar radiation is a well-known environmental health risk factor and the use of sun lotions is encouraged to achieve protection mainly from skin cancer. Sun lotions are cosmetic commercial products that combine active and inactive ingredients and many of these are associated with health problems …
George N. Zografos, Iraklis Perysinakis, Eustathia Kyrodimou, Eva Kassi, Gregory Kaltsas
Although the great majority of incidentalomas are adrenocortical adenomas, a number of them, depending on the size and radiological characteristics of the lesions, will turn out to be carcinomas. These tumors may present as suspicious on initial evaluation and potentially malignant or malignant on histology …
Gerasimos Krassas, Spyridon N. Karras, Nikolaos Pontikides
The most common thyroid diseases during pregnancy are hyper- and hypothyroidism and their variants including isolated hypothyroxinemia (hypo-T4), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and different types of goiter. AITD represents the main cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy ranging in prevalence between 5 and 20% …
Alexandra Chrisoulidou, Maria Boudina, Niki Karavitaki, Eleni Bili, John Wass
The pituitary gland is significantly affected during gestation in terms of both size and function. Due to this physiologic adaptation, endocrine evaluation and interpretation of imaging is far more complex than in the non-pregnant state. Pituitary disorders are rare in pregnancy, as they are usually associated with gonadal dysfunction …
Mojca Jensterle, Nika Aleksandra Kravos, Marija Pfeifer, Tomaz Kocjan, Andrej Janez
OBJECTIVE: The long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide is linked to progressive and sustained weight loss in obese people with diabetes. However, its efficacy and safety in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not yet been addressed …
Olga Papalou, Sarantis Livadas, Athanasios Karachalios, Nikoleta Tolia, Panayiotis Kokkoris, Konstantinos Tripolitakis, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
Ana Savic-Radojevic, Ivana Bozic Antic, Vesna Coric, Jelica Bjekic-Macut, Tanja Radic, Milos Zarkovic, Tatjana Djukic, Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac, Dimitrios Panidis, Ilias Katsikis, Tatjana Simic, Djuro Macut
OBJECTIVE: In order to gain deeper insight into molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress (OS) and its relation to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, plasma markers of OS and antioxidant glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activity were studied in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women via the oral glucose tolerance test …
Djuro Macut, Ivana Božić Antić, Jelena Nestorov, Vladanka Topalović, Jelica Bjekić Macut, Dimitrios Panidis, Biljana Kastratović Kotlica, Efstathios Papadakis, Gordana Matić, Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
OBJECTIVE: Most women with PCOS have increased adrenal androgen production, enhanced peripheral metabolism of cortisol and elevation in urinary excretion of its metabolites. Increased cortisol clearance in PCOS is followed by a compensatory overdrive of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis …
Ioanna Zografou, Christos Sampanis, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi, Fotios Iliadis, Athanasios Papageorgiou, Panagiotis Doukelis, Konstantinos Vogiatzis, Stella Douma
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin on high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and arterial stiffness (AS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DESIGN: Sixty-four drug-naive diabetic patients, with inadequate glycemic control …
Natalia Lazopoulou, Eleana Gkioka, Ioanna Ntalla, Panagiota Pervanidou, Alexandra-Maria Magiakou, Eleftheria Roma-Giannikou, George P. Chrousos, Ioannis Papassotiriou, George Dedoussis, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
OBJECTIVE: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) risk alleles of obesogenic genes, such as the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene, have been described in both paediatrics and adult populations …
Mara Boschetti, Massimo Casu, Sara Moretti, Claudia Teti, Valeria Albanese, Manuela Albertelli, Giovanni Murialdo, Francesco Minuto, Diego Ferone
OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) on cardiac autonomic tone and on cardiovascular risk and the changes after 12 months of GH replacement therapy (GHRT). GHD is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality …
Silvano Bertelloni, Eleonora Dati, Angelo Valetto, Veronica Bertini, Alfredo Danti, Giampiero I. Baroncelli
BACKGROUND: Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) is a rare disorder. Short stature is a well known feature of this condition. Although growth hormone (GH) treatment has been suggested to treat growth impairment, conflicting data surround this issue …
Elena Tsourdi, Matthias Gruber, Martina Rauner, Judith Blankenburg, Tjalf Ziemssen, Lorenz C. Hofbauer
CONTEXT: Alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, is effective in the treatment of early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Common adverse effects include an acute-phase reaction, infections and autoimmune diseases, including thyroid disorders …
Eleonora Monti, Lorenzo Mortara, Simonetta Zupo, Mariella Dono, Francesco Minuto, Mauro Truini, Mehrdad Naseri, Massimo Giusti
After removal of an ovarian mass in a 43-year-old woman, a struma ovarii was diagnosed. Within this teratoma, a papillary thyroid cancer was found. The tumor was negative for BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA and c-KIT mutations on molecular analysis …
Roberta Minari, Alessandra Vottero, Francesco Tassi, Isabella Viani, Tauro Maria Neri, Maria Elisabeth Street, Lucia Ghizzoni, Sergio Bernasconi, Davide Martorana
OBJECTIVE: Congenital adrenal hypoplasia (CAH) is a rare disorder that can be inherited in an X-linked or autosomal recessive pattern. CAH is frequently associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG) with absent or arrested puberty and impaired fertility caused by abnormalities in spermatogenesis …
Peter D. Papapetrou
According to a previously published theory, Socrates was afflicted with temporal lobe epilepsy since his childhood. Plato, Xenophon, and Aristoxenus described Socrates as having exophthalmos, probably diplopia, and some symptoms compatible with hyperthyroidism …
Ozan M. Demir, Stavroula A. Paschou, Huw Christopher Ellis, Michael Fitzpatrick, Andreas S Kalogeropoulos, Andrew Davies, Jeremy Thompson, Simon W. Davies, Julia Grapsa
The following case presents a new insight into the relationship of glucagonomas with dilated cardiomyopathy which endocrinologists should be aware of. A 64-year old Caucasian man, born and raised in Zimbabwe, was admitted with acute pulmonary edema …
Gesthimani Mintziori, Dimitrios G. Goulis
It is with great interest that we read the detailed and well enunciated comparison between the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Endocrine Society (ES) practice guidelines for the screening and treatment of hypothyroidism during pregnancy that was published in the last issue of Hormones …