Catherine Dacou-Voutetakis
The realization that the environment exerts a favorable or unfavorable effect on the human organism is not new. In the remote past, not only physicians but philosophers (e.g. Plato, Aristotle) as well wrote about the adverse effects of a maltreated environment, while Theophrastus (a student of Plato and Aristotle) is considered the father of ecology …
Wolfgang Wuttke, Hubertus Jarry, Dana Seidlovα-Wuttke
Hormones are peptides/proteins, lipids or aminoacid derivatives which after their secretion act on receptors to cause reactions within the respective receptive cells. Each cell of the body is in one way or another regulated by hormones. Hence, hormones exert innumerable effects on the organism of animals and humans …
Andrea C. Gore
The central neuroendocrine systems are responsible for the control of homeostatic processes in the body, including reproduction, growth, metabolism and energy balance, as well as stress responsiveness. These processes are initiated by signals in the central nervous system, specifically the hypothalamus, and are conveyed first by neural and then by endocrine effectors …
Thomas R. Zoeller
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for normal brain and somatic development and for the proper regulation of physiology in both children and adults. Thyroid function is controlled by the dynamic interrelationships between the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the thyroid. These dynamic relationships maintain circulating levels of THs …
David Crews
Early experiences can modify regulatory factors affecting gene expression in such a way that, although the DNA sequence itself is not changed, the individual’s physiology and behavior is substantially influenced. In some instances these epigenetic effects are exerted upon exposure, while in other instances they are transmitted across generations …
Markus Eszlinger, Kurt Werner Schmid, Ralf Paschke
The evaluation of patients with nodular thyroid disease is focused on two main aspects, namely the exclusion of thyroid malignancy and the exclusion of hyperthyroidism in regions with borderline iodine supply. However, the identification and preoperative typing of both the substantially less frequently occurring thyroid carcinomas …
David S. Cooper
An overview of long-term clinical consequences of TSH suppressive therapy provides evidence that serum TSH levels should be maintained at levels <0.1 mU/l in high-risk (stage III and IV) patients, whereas lower-risk patients should be allowed to have their TSH levels rise into the normal range after residual disease has been ruled out …
Roland Gärtner, Petra Rank, Birgit Ander
OBJECTIVE: As we previously demonstrated, the inhibitory effect of iodine on thyroid cell growth is mediated by iodolactones, especially 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (δ-iodolactone). In this communication we compare the effect of iodide, molecular iodine and δ-iodolactone on growth inhibition and apoptosis on three human thyroid carcinoma cell lines …
Georgia Kostopanagiotou, Konstantinos Kalimeris, Kalliopi Christodoulaki, Constantinos Nastos, Nikolaos Papoutsidakis, Cleanthi Dima, Charalampos Chrelias, Ageliki Pandazi, Iordanis Mourouzis, Constantinos Pantos
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of various anaesthetics on stress response in the presence and absence of surgical stimulation. DESIGN: Twenty-nine pigs scheduled to undergo surgical central vein catheter placement were randomly allocated to receive only sedation with ketamine-midazolam (group SHAM, n=5) or general anaesthesia …
Sripathy Gopalakrishnan, Sourav Sen, Jawahar Singh Adhikari, Pradeep Kumar Chugh, Tarun Sekhri, Sankar Rajan
OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) results from an interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors in a genetically predisposed individual. AITD is being increasingly reported among the Indian population. Lymphocyte subsets and levels of interleukin-5 (IL- 5) were studied in the peripheral blood of patients with AITD …
Theodora Pappa, Labrini Papanastasiou, Athina Markou, Ioannis Androulakis, George Kontogeorgos, Andreas Seretis, George Piaditis
Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, Susana Fichman, Ilan Shimon
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) to the pineal gland is a unique manifestation previously unreported in the literature. We describe an unusual case of metastatic bronchial NET to the pineal gland in a 71-year-old male patient. His primary NET had been resected six years previously and there was no indication of the presence of disseminated metastatic disease at that time …