Paulina A. Essah, Kai I. Cheang, John E. Nestler
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility in developed countries1,2. Affected women suffer not only from infertility, but also from a high rate of early pregnancy loss, defined as miscarriage during the first trimester …
Christos Pappas, Eleni A. Kandaraki, Sofia Tsirona, Dimitrios Kountouras, Georgia Kassi, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
Postprandial dysmetabolism is a postprandial state characterized by abnormal metabolism of glucose and lipids and, more specifically, of elevated levels of glucose and triglyceride (TG) containing lipoproteins. Since there is evidence that postprandial dysmetabolism is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, due to macro- and microvascular complications …
Dafni-Kalliopi Papafragkaki, George Tolis
Obesity is one of the most frequently encountered medical problems of our time. Among the complications of this pathologic entity, renal disease is an important issue and its pathophysiologic mechanisms are a challenge for the physician, since a variety of etiologic factors are implicated in its genesis. For example, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance …
Petya Kamenova
BACKGROUND: Amelioration of insulin resistance could improve both glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to improve insulin action after parenteral administration. OBJECTIVE: the aim of the study was to assess the effect of oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid on insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes…
Anastasia Markaki, Emmanuel Psylinakis, Aspasia Spyridaki
Adiponectin (ADPN) is an adipokine with significant anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic properties, which is generally associated with a beneficial cardiometabolic profile. Paradoxically, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by markedly increased plasma ADPN levels and increased cardiovascular risk. In spite of the cardioprotective properties …
Panayota Mitrou, Sotirios A. Raptis, George Dimitriadis
The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in morbid obesity. Glucose regulation by insulin depends on the suppression of endogenous glucose production and stimulation of glucose disposal. In morbid obesity, glucose production by the liver is increased …
Agathoklis Psyrogiannis, Venetsana Kyriazopoulou, Argiris Symeonidis, Michalis Leotsinidis, Apostolos G. Vagenakis
There are a few reports suggesting that subtle disturbances of iron metabolism are frequently found in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), but it is not known if these disturbances precede or accompany the diabetic state. We investigated the serum iron indices in 41 offspring of DM2 parents (group I) with normal glucose tolerance …
Charilaos Stylianou, Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou, Dimitrios Farmakiotis, Israel Rousso, Michael Karamouzis, George Koliakos, Sanda Nousia-Arvanitakis
OBJECTIVE: Ghrelin and leptin levels are influenced by body fat (BF%), pubertal stage and possibly insulin resistance (IR). The aim of our study was: 1) To compare fasting ghrelin and leptin levels between obese and non-obese, adolescents, 2) to investigate possible correlations of these hormones with BF %, as well as IR…
Themistoklis N. Spyridopoulos, Nick Dessypris, Antonis G. Antoniadis, Spyros Gialamas, Constantine N. Antonopoulos, Konstantina Katsifoti, Hans-Olov Adami, George P. Chrousos, Eleni Th. Petridou, and the Obesity and Cancer Oncology Group
OBJECTIVE: Obesity and diabetes are considered risk factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to explore whether insulin resistance (IR) plays an independent role in the development of RCC. DESIGN: In a hospital-based case-control study, we analyzed serum glucose …
Kai I. Cheang, Paulina Essah, John E. Nestler
Current evidence suggests that insulin resistance contributes to the pathophysiologic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The observation that insulin resistance is a central feature of PCOS leads to studies of the insulin signaling system in this disorder. This article reviews the possible role of putative insulin mediators, inositolphosphoglycans (IPG) mediators, in PCOS. We will focus on how IPGs mediate (a) hyperandrogenism and (b) insulin sensitivity in this disorder…
Evangelia Tantalaki, Christina Piperi, Sarantis Livadas, Anastasios Kollias, Christos Adamopoulos, Aikaterini Koulouri, Charikleia Christakou, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of dietary intervention on Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) intake on the hormonal and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: After baseline evaluation, 23 women with PCOS …
Neoklis A. Georgopoulos, Efstathios Papadakis, Anastasia K. Armeni, Ilias Katsikis, Nikolaos D. Roupas, Dimitrios Panidis
OBJECTIVE: Τo evaluate the impact of elevated serum Δ4A levels on the hormonal and metabolic features of the different phenotypes of PCOS. DESIGN: 1276 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were included …
Stergios A. Polyzos, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Jannis Kountouras, Gesthimani Mintziori, Panagiotis Chatzis, Efstathios Papadakis, Ilias Katsikis, Dimitrios Panidis
OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance contributes to the pathogenesis of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main aim of the present study was the evaluation of non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in PCOS women with or without metabolic syndrome …
Adeela Shahid, Khalid P. Lone, Sadia Saeed, Muhammad Arslan
OBJECTIVE: We studied the influence of positive family history (FH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in male offspring using multiple metabolic and endocrine parameters in order to assess whether one or more of these parameters can be used as indicators for T2DM development later in life. DESIGN: Fifty male subjects with one diabetic parent (ODP) and thirty with both diabetic parents …
Frangiskos Economou, Xenofon Xyrafis, Sarantis Livadas, Ioannis I. Androulakis, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Charikleia D.Christakou, Eleni Kandaraki, Eleni Palioura, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
OBJECTIVE: To investigate liver enzymes in a cohort of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and controls divided according to body mass index (BMI) and their association with features of the syndrome. DESIGN: Eighty-three PCOS women and 64 healthy women were studied. Patients and controls were subdivided into two groups …
Ekaterini Koiou, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Ilias Katsikis, Konstantinos Dinas, Elena A. Tsourdi, Eleni A. Kandaraki, Dimitrios Delkos, Efstathios Papadakis, Dimitrios Panidis
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess plasma Von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare these levels among the different PCOS phenotypes. DESIGN: We studied 140 women with PCOS and 40 age and body mass index (BMI)- matched healthy women …
Stergios A. Polyzos, Jannis Kountouras, Agathocles Tsatsoulis, Efthimia Zafeiriadou, Evangelia Katsiki, Kalliopi Patsiaoura, Christos Zavos, Vasiliki V. Anastasiadou, Aristidis Slavakis
OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of serum sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their association to the disease severity. DESIGN: Twenty-two postmenopausal women with biopsy-proven NAFLD …
Ekaterini Koiou, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Ilias Katsikis, Dimitrios Delkos, Elena A. Tsourdi, Dimitrios Panidis
OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by obesity and insulin resistance (IR), which result in elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. We aimed to assess the changes in PAI-1 levels in PCOS during treatment with metformin and during weight loss …
Krystallenia Alexandraki, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Theodoros G. Papaioannou, Christina Piperi, George Mastorakos, John Lekakis, Dimitrios Panidis, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
OBJECTIVE: During the last decade cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction have been shown to be present early in life in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was a global assessment of abnormalities in the arterial bed of young women with PCOS by non-invasive, reproducible methods…
Olga Papalou, Sarantis Livadas, Athanasios Karachalios, Nikoleta Tolia, Panayiotis Kokkoris, Konstantinos Tripolitakis, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
Christakou Charikleia, Economou Frangiskos, Livadas Sarantis, Piperi Christina, Adamopoulos Christos, Marinakis Evangelos, Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia
OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activate the intracellular Nuclear Factor-κB pathway in endothelial cells, leading to production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide which causes endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to assess ΕΤ-1 and AGEs levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome …
Ana Savic-Radojevic, Ivana Bozic Antic, Vesna Coric, Jelica Bjekic-Macut, Tanja Radic, Milos Zarkovic, Tatjana Djukic, Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac, Dimitrios Panidis, Ilias Katsikis, Tatjana Simic, Djuro Macut
OBJECTIVE: In order to gain deeper insight into molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress (OS) and its relation to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, plasma markers of OS and antioxidant glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activity were studied in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women via the oral glucose tolerance test …
Sofia Lazaridou, Konstantinos Dinas, Konstantinos Tziomalos
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. PCOS is not only the leading cause of anovulatory infertility but is also associated with an array of metabolic disorders, among which impaired glucose metabolism has been a topic of intense research. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the findings of the studies that have evaluated the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus …
Christos Maniotis, Klio Chantziara, Panagiotis Kokkoris, Dimitrios Papadogiannis, Constantinos Andreou, Constantinos Tsioufis, Georgios Vaiopoulos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
OBJECTIVE: This study surveyed the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) M235T AGT and C825T GNB3, and their association with insulin resistance, other biochemical markers and qualitative variables in subjects with high normal blood pressure and/or prehypertension in the Greek population …
Afsaneh Talaei, Masoud Amini, Mansour Siavash, Maryam Zare
OBJECTIVE: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are the most abundant steroid hormones in the body. Recently, DHEA-S has gained interest as an antidepressant substance, with positive effects on autoimmune disease such as lupus and ulcerative colitis, as well as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes …