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Ectopic thyroid tissue in the lower neck with a coexisting normally located multinodular goiter. Brief literature review

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Eleni Kousta, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Christina Michalakis, George E. Theodoropoulos, Michalis Vorias, Michalis Georgiou, George Sambalis

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the lower neck with a coexisting normally located multinodular goiter is a rare entity. We present a 27-year old asymptomatic woman with a recent history of a painless mass in the left side of her lower neck. Thyroid function tests were normal. An ultrasound of her neck showed a multinodular goiter and a 3.4 cm solid mass in the left lower cervical area…

Atypical, invasive, recurring Crooke cell adenoma of the pituitary

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Fabio Rotondo, Michael Cusimano, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Claire Coire, Eva Horvath, Kalman Kovacs

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We report the case of a 49-year-old woman presenting with Cushing disease and visual disturbance. An atypical, aggressive, invasive pituitary tumor regrew despite several surgeries. Detailed morphologic investigation by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy documented …

Development and validation of an osteoporosis treatment questionnaire (OSTREQ) evaluating physicians’ criteria in the choice of treatment

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Polyzois Makras, Antonios Galanos, Stavroula Rizou, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, George P. Lyritis

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OBJECTIVE: This article describes the development and validation of the osteoporosis treatment questionnaire (OSTREQ), which is a physician-reported outcome tool aiming to evaluate physicians’ criteria in the choice of osteoporosis treatment. DESIGN: The questionnaire –named OSTREQ– consisting of 17 questions that were divided into eight sections …

Of Temples and Plane Trees: the Hippocratic Legacy as Collective Memory

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Gerasimos P. Sykiotis, George D. Kalliolias, Christos Terezis, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou

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In the homeland of Hippocrates, the study of the history and philosophy of medicine is remarkably infrequent among medical practitioners. It is excluded from the curricula of the majority of medical schools and from the hobbies and pastimes of most physicians and medical students…

Novel syndrome of four-limb proximal fragility fractures associated with HIV infection, cholestatic liver failure, and histiocytic infiltration of bone marrow

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Run Yu, Nicholas N. Nissen, Bonnie Balzer, Xuemo Fan

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We report a syndrome of four-limb proximal fragility fractures associated with HIV infection, cholestatic liver failure, and histiocytic infiltration of bone marrow in a 40-year-old African American man. The patient presented with multiple fractures in the proximal humeri …

High rates of obesity prevalence in adults living in Central Greece: Data from the ARGOS Study

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George N. Koukoulis, Christina Sakka, Fotis Katsaros, Maria Goutou, Sofia Tsirona, Efthimia Tsiapali, Aristea Piterou, Ioannis Stefanidis, Nikolaos Stathakis

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of obesity in adults of a large region of Central Greece. DESIGN: The target group was adults aged 18 to 79 years who were residents of the region of Thessaly for at least one year. A sample of 852 individuals stratified for sex and age were included. Each subject underwent a thorough physical examination and body mass index …

First trimester maternal BMI is a positive predictor of cord blood c-peptide levels while maternal visfatin levels is a negative predictor of birth weight

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Georgios Valsamakis, Dimitrios C. Papatheodorou, Alexandra Margeli, Vassilios Bakoulas, Efthymios Kapantais, Ioannis Papassotiriou, George Creatsas, Sudhesh Kumar, George Mastorakos

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OBJECTIVE: The role of first trimester maternal body mass index (BMI) and adipocytokines in cord blood c-peptide and birth weight in pregnancy was investigated. DESIGN: Seventy non-diabetic pregnant Caucasian women were recruited …

On the centenary of the term

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Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Costas Tsiamis, Spyros G. Marketos

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In June of 2005 the term hormone completed a life span of one century. The word that Ernest Henry Starling included in one of his four lectures to the Royal Society of Physicians of London, given in June 1905, definitively established the permanent representation in terminology for the products secreted by the endocrine glands…

Associations of menstrual cycle irregularities with age, obesity and phenotype in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

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Dimitrios Panidis, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Efstathios Papadakis, Panagiotis Chatzis, Eleni A. Kandaraki, Elena A. Tsourdi, Djuro Macut, Jelica Bjekic-Macut, Apostolos Marthopoulos, Ilias Katsikis

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OBJECTIVE: Limited data suggest that menstrual cycle abnormalities are more pronounced in younger and more obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle pattern and age, obesity and PCOS phenotype in a large population of women with PCOS …

Insulin resistance in pheochromocytoma improves more by surgical rather than by medical treatment

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Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evangelia Zapanti, Maria-Helen Peridis, Panayiotis Ntavos, George Mastorakos

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Pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, is often associated with hyperglycemia. To investigate the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, five patients (3 women and 2 men, aged 49±2.5, mean±SD) with benign adrenal pheochromocytoma were studied with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the euglycaemic clamp technique …

What causes a prolactinoma to be aggressive or to become a pituitary carcinoma?

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Jana Phillips, Honey E. East, Sarah E. French, Eugen Melcescu, Robert D. Hamilton, William C. Nicholas, Jonathan F. Fratkin, Andrew D. Parent, Gustavo Luzardo, Christian A. Koch

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INTRODUCTION: Malignant prolactinoma is an exceedingly rare endocrine tumor and cannot be diagnosed on histological grounds alone. Similarly to other neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytoma, the mitoses index, Ki-67, p53, and others are utilized in helping understand …

Growth Hormone Deficiency: an unusual presentation of Floating Harbor Syndrome

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Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou, Ioannis Kyrgios, Eleftheria Emmanouilidou, Ioanna Maggana, Eleni Kotanidou, Paraskevi Kokka, Charilaos Stylianou

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Floating-Harbor Syndrome (FHS) is a very rare condition of unknown etiology characterized by short stature, delayed bone age, characteristic facial features, delayed language skills and usually normal motor development …

Genetic screening of non-classic CAH females with hyperandrogenemia identifies a novel CYP11B1 gene mutation

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Christos Shammas, Stefania Byrou, Marie M. Phelan, Meropi Toumba, Charilaos Stylianou, Nicos Skordis, Vassos Neocleous, Leonidas A. Phylactou

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OBJECTIVE: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an endocrine autosomal recessive disorder with various symptoms of diverse severity. Mild hyperandrogenemia is the most commonclinical feature in non-classic CAH patients and 95% of the cases are identified by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. In the present study, the second most common cause for non-classic CAH (NC-CAH), 11β-hydroxylase deficiency due to mutations in the CYP11B1 gene, is investigated …

Spontaneous recovery from isolated post-traumatic central hypogonadism in a woman

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Rosaria M. Ruggeri, Giovanni Smedile, Francesca Granata, Marcello Longo, Salvatore Cannaíò, Nicholas J. Sarlis, Francesco Trimarchi, Salvatore Benvenga

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OBJECTIVE. Hypopituitarism is a recognized complication of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Resolution of established anterior pituitary hormones deficiency is rare. CASE REPORT. A woman was initially presented at the age of 22 years with amenorrhoea. Two years earlier she had been involved in a car accident with consequent TBI …

A novel succinate dehydrogenase type B mutation in an Iranian family. Its genetic and clinical evaluation

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Ali A. Ghazi, Ali Mosaddegh Khah, Fereshteh Kamani, Khandan Zare, Alireza Sadeghipour, Mehdi Hedayati, Marjan Zarif Yeganeh, Treena Cranston, Ashley Grossman

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Succinate Dehydrogenase-B (SDH-B) gene mutations constitute one of the most frequent forms of hereditary paragangliomas (PGL). Genetic study is advised in all cases for the evaluation of tumour behaviour, the selection of optimal management and the surveillance of the first degree relative …

Macroprolactinemia. Is treatment necessary?

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Irene V. Lambrinoudaki, Olga D. Daskalaki, Stathis A. Thomopoulos, Panayiotis Schinochoritis, Argyris B. Argyropoulos

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A 26-year old symptom-free woman was admitted to our Clinic for evaluation of hyperprolactinemia. The patient, who had normal menstrual cycles, was found accidentally to have a cystic adnexal mass and was placed on oral contraceptives (OC) for 3 months. During the first OC-cycle a bilateral breast nipple discharge was noticed and an elevated serum prolactin (PRL) was detected (2.7 nmol/l) …

Low HDL-cholesterol among normal weight, normoglycemic offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Edavan P. Praveen, Bindu Kulshreshtha, Madan L. Khurana, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Nandita Gupta, Guresh Kumar, Ariachery C. Ammini, Rajech Knadgawat

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Objective: Offspring of type 2 diabetics have an increased risk of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid levels in the offspring of diabetics with normal glucose tolerance and normal body weight. Design: Normal weight offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who had normal glucose tolerance …

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in a patient residing

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Ioannis Habeos, Venetsana Kyriazopoulou, Dionysios Chartoumpekis, Agathoklis Psyrogiannis

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A 40-year old male residing in the Mediterranean region and afflicted with chronic pancreatitis and diabetes is presented. This is a case of chronic calcific non-alcoholic pancreatitis with characteristic intraductal calculi on abdominal X-ray. Five years following the initial episode of pancreatitis …

Defining optimal vitamin D cut-off levels: Τhe role of parathyroid hormone concentrations

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Spyridon N. Karras, William B.Grant, Declan P. Naughton, Kalliopi Kotsa

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We read with interest the recent article by Katrinaki et al. The authors report on cross-sectional values of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations from a large Mediterranean cohort in Crete, Greece …

Laparoscopic vs. open abdominal surgery in male pigs: Marked differences in cortisol and catecholamine response depending on the size of surgical incision

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Angeliki Krikri, Vasileios Alexopoulos, Emmanouil Zoumakis, Paraskevas Katsaronis, Evangelos Balafas, Gregory Kouraklis, Panagiotis E. Karayannacos, George P. Chrousos, Gregory Skalkeas

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OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive operations, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy and adrenalectomy, result in a more rapid recovery of normal function, less physiological disturbances and less stress to the organism than similar open operations. The purpose of this study was to determine the stress response associated …

Cancer in the thyroid is not always thyroid cancer

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Katherine E. Akester, Noel Somasundaram, Salvador Diaz-Cano, Ashley B. Grossman

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Most clinicians assume that a thyroid mass which appears to be malignant is most likely a tumour arising from thyroid cells. We present a case where the thyroid malignancy was associated with a degree of systemic clinical and biochemical disturbance which suggested alternative diagnoses, and in which fine-needle aspiration revealed that the patient had a thyroid lymphoma …

Monitoring of lipodystrophic and metabolic abnormalities in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy

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Vana Spoulou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Irini Bathrellou, Stefano Mora, Glyceria Mostrou, Lambros Sidossis, George Chrousos, Maria Theodoridou

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OBJECTIVE: Few studies have thus far assessed body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptrometry (DXA) in children with HIV, primarily because reference data for normally growing children and adolescents are not available. Our study aimed at evaluating body composition in children with HIV and their relatiοn to serum lipids and glucose homeostasis …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system localization in human fetal heart

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Efterpi Chouridou, Maria Lambropoulou, Maria Koureta, Christina Zarouchlioti, Ioanna Balgouranidou, Evangelia Nena, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Ekaterini Chatzaki

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OBJECTIVE: The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family consists of the neuropeptides CRF, Ucn I, II and III and the binding sites CRFR1, CRFR2 and CRF-BP. It regulates stress response and the homeostasis of an organism. In this study, we examined the presence of the CRF system in the human hearts of normal and pathological fetuses. DESIGN: Heart tissues from 40 archival human fetuses were divided …

The significance of the number seven in ancient Greece and its relation to Endocrinology

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Menalaos L. Batrinos

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Many ancients held various beliefs about the supernatural virtues of certain numbers. In ancient Greece, the school of Pythagoras (590 BC) taught the doctrine of the numerical essence of natural events. In accordance with this theory, the number 7 was considered a sacred number and thus vital to human life…