The philosopher Socrates had exophthalmos (a term coined by Plato) and probably Graves’ disease

Peter D. Papapetrou

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According to a previously published theory, Socrates was afflicted with temporal lobe epilepsy since his childhood. Plato, Xenophon, and Aristoxenus described Socrates as having exophthalmos, probably diplopia, and some symptoms compatible with hyperthyroidism …