Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis in HIV infection and disease

Evangelia Zapanti, Konstantinos Terzidis, George Chrousos

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Abnormalities of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis have been documented in HIV patients in the early as well as late stages of the infection and range from subtle subclinical disturbances to frank adrenal insufficiency. Potential etiologies of these disorders include opportunistic infections, neoplasms …

The differential impact of volatile and intravenous anaesthetics in humans

Nicholas J. Sarlis, Christian A. Koch

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We read with interest the contribution by Dr. Kostopanagiotou and colleagues describing the differential impact of volatile and intravenous anaesthetics on select hormonal and immune parameters of the stress response in the swine. We would like to highlight earlier human data of ours (some of which unpublished to date) as well as from others that are pertinent to this interesting line of research and generally supportive of the authors’ conclusions …

The influence of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and glucocorticoid receptor expression and function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Djuro Macut, Ivana Božić Antić, Jelena Nestorov, Vladanka Topalović, Jelica Bjekić Macut, Dimitrios Panidis, Biljana Kastratović Kotlica, Efstathios Papadakis, Gordana Matić, Danijela Vojnović Milutinović

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OBJECTIVE: Most women with PCOS have increased adrenal androgen production, enhanced peripheral metabolism of cortisol and elevation in urinary excretion of its metabolites. Increased cortisol clearance in PCOS is followed by a compensatory overdrive of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis …