Thyroid diseases during pregnancy: A number of important issues

Gerasimos Krassas, Spyridon N. Karras, Nikolaos Pontikides

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The most common thyroid diseases during pregnancy are hyper- and hypothyroidism and their variants including isolated hypothyroxinemia (hypo-T4), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and different types of goiter. AITD represents the main cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy ranging in prevalence between 5 and 20% …