Alma Prieto-Tenreiro, Patricia Diaz-Guardiola
Central Hypothyroidism (Central H) is mainly due to acquired lesions, either in the pituitary, the hypothalamus or both, and in such cases it is usually associated with deficient secretion of other pituitary hormones. Isolated central hypothyroidism (I Central H) remains a very rare disease. By the use of the serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone …
Shutan Liao, Mark H. Vickers, Rennae S. Taylor, Mhoyra Fraser, Lesley M.E. McCowan, Philip N. Baker, Jo K. Perry
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether maternal serum concentrations of placental growth hormone (GH-V), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and 2, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) 1 and 3 were altered in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHOD: In a nested case-control study, GDM cases (n=28) and matched controls (n=28) were selected from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) biobank in Auckland, New Zealand …
Georgios K. Markantes, Efthimios Deligeoroglou, Anastasia K. Armeni, Vasiliki Vasileiou, Christina Damoulari, Angelina Mandrapilia, Fotini Kosmopoulou, Varvara Keramisanou, Danai Georgakopoulou, George Creatsas, Neoklis A. Georgopoulos
Diodorus Siculus (Diodoros Sikeliotes) was a Greek historian and writer who lived in the 1st century B.C. He is renowned for his universal history, “Bibliotheca Historica” (Historical Library), in which cases of sexual reassignment occurring around his time were included …
Andrzej Wincewicz, Mariola Sulkowska, Stanislaw Sulkowski
Tadeus Reichstein (1897-1996) was the first scientist born in Poland to receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology (1950) for the “discovery of hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”, as stated by the Nobel Prize Committee. His family being deeply devoted to Polish cultural and historical heritage
Valeria Alcantara-Aragon, Silvia Martinez-Couselo, Diana Tundidor-Rengel, Susan M. Webb, Gemma Carreras, Juan J. Espinos, Ana Chico, Francisco Blanco-Vaca, Rosa Corcoy
Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive diseases, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1000. It may manifest at different stages in life. In late childhood, it may present with advanced skeletal maturation …
Dimitra Zianni, Marinella Tzanela, Serafim Klimopoulos, N.C. Thalassinos
A 61-year old female presented with paroxysmal hypertension and a 4.5cm left adrenal mass on CT scan. Repeated measurements of 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrines, total catecholamines and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were within normal range. A further scintigraphic study …
Fritz S. Keck, Leonidas H. Duntas
In 1889, the pancreatectomy performed on a dog by Joseph von Mehring and Oskar Minkowski led to the discovery of the pancreatic origin of diabetes disease. Already 200 years before, Johann Conrad Brunner had successfully performed eight pancreatectomies on dogs and had precisely described the symptoms of polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia…
Niki Papavramidou, Helen Christopoulou-Aletra
The term diabetes first appears in a text by Aretaeus to describe a disease of the kidneys. Galen is likely to have borrowed this term from Aretaeus also to describe the same disorder, though in a manner somewhat uncharacteristic of his writings. Taken as a whole, only a few mentions may be found in the Galenic writings …
Menelaos L. Batrinos
Contrary to the commonly held belief that in antiquity and as late as 1700 A.D. normal lifespan was about 35 years, there are indications that the ancient Greeks lived longer. In a study of all men of renown, living in the 5th and 4th century in Greece …
Peter D. Papapetrou
According to a previously published theory, Socrates was afflicted with temporal lobe epilepsy since his childhood. Plato, Xenophon, and Aristoxenus described Socrates as having exophthalmos, probably diplopia, and some symptoms compatible with hyperthyroidism …
Luciana Parlea, Lisa Fahim, David Munoz, Amir Hanna, Jennifer Anderson, Michael Cusimano, Kalman Kovacs, Geoffrey Gardiner
Distant metastases as initial presentation of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is rare, especially in young patients. We report the clinical and pathological features of a 33-year old pregnant patient with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid who presented with widespread bone and lung metastases at the time of diagnosis…
Jean-Pierre Tricot
A brief biographical note about the most honoured living scientist in Belgium, the physician, biochemist and Nobel Prize winner Christian de Duve, his research in the field of diabetes mellitus and how his revelation led to the discovery of lysosomes and to the prestigious Nobel Prize of 1974 in Physiology and Medicine is herein presented…
Dragana Miljic, Predrag Miljic, Mirjana Doknic, Sandra Pekic, Marko Stojanovic, Milan Petakov, Vera Popovic
Adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a rare disorder. It can occur after transcranial surgery for craniopharyngeoma, suprasellar pituitary adenoma and anterior communicating artery aneurysm but also with head injury, toluene exposure and developmental disorders. It is often associated with significant hypothalamic dysfunction …
Mehmet Uludag, Gurkan Yetkin, Bulent Citgez, Adnan Isgor, Tulay Basak
The malignancy risk is low in hot thyroid nodules verified by scintigraphy. We present a rare case of papillary carcinoma, initially treated as an autonomous hot nodule. Case report. A 36-year old male patient with a hot thyroid nodule and subclinical hyperthyroidism was treated with 10mCi 131I.
Sripathy Gopalakrishnan, Sourav Sen, Jawahar Singh Adhikari, Pradeep Kumar Chugh, Tarun Sekhri, Sankar Rajan
OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) results from an interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors in a genetically predisposed individual. AITD is being increasingly reported among the Indian population. Lymphocyte subsets and levels of interleukin-5 (IL- 5) were studied in the peripheral blood of patients with AITD …
Spyridon D. Mantzavinos, Nikolaos P. Vlahos, Demetrios Rizos, Demetrios Botsis, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, Efthimios Deligeoroglou, Themistoklis Mantzavinos
OBJECTIVE: We examined the predictive ability of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) for clinical pregnancy in women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in a short agonist protocol. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of 222 women undergoing their first IVF attempt between June 2010 and March 2016. Multivariate logistic regression …
Damiano Gullo, Rossella Gelsomino, Ilenia Marturano, Domenico Restivo, Maria Luisa Arpi, Daniela Leonardi, Giuseppina Parrinello, Sebastiano Squatrito
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH CAH) is treated with both glucocorticoids (to suppress pituitary ACTH and adrenal androgen production) and mineralocorticoids (to reduce angiotensin II concentrations) …
John Doupis, Charalambos Stavrianos, Katerina Saltiki, Emily Mantzou, Antonios Mastrokostopoulos, George Philippou, Maria Alevizaki
Albania is an in-transition country in the Balkan area and among those with the lowest per capita income in Europe. The Health System of Albania, as the Albanian society itself, is now taking its first steps in adopting the Western financial model. Globalization in modern Western society, even at the level of dietary practices …
Claudia Battista, Raffaella Viti, Salvatore Minisola, Iacopo Chiodini, Vincenzo Frusciante, Alfredo Scillitani, Vincenzo Carnevale
OBJECTIVE: To describe the biochemical effects of an over-supplementation of vitamin D3 in two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). DESIGN: Two patients (A and B) with PHPT took erroneously 2,400,000U …
Amit Tirosh, Salomon M. Stemmer, Evgeny Solomonov, Eldad Elnekave, Wolfgang Saeger, Yelena Ravkin, Kobi Nir, Yeela Talmor, Ilan Shimon
Malignant insulinoma usually has a poor prognosis, as no efficient medical treatment is available. The somatostatin analogs octreotide and lanreotide have limited ability to control the hypoglycemic events. Pasireotide is a multi-receptor targeted somatostatin-analog with improved affinity for SSTR5. There is to date no reported treatment experience with this drug in such tumors …
Eva Lau, Davide Carvalho, Joana Oliveira, Susana Fernandes, Paula Freitas
Familial partial lipodystrophy is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by lipoatrophy of the extremities and gluteal region and lipohypertrophy of the face, neck and/or trunk. It is associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis …
Afif Nakhleh, Leonard Saiegh, Maria Reut, Mohammad Sheikh Ahmad, Irit Wirsansky Pearl, Carmela Shechner
OBJECTIVE: Cushing`s disease during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for maternal and fetal complications. In recurrent Cushing`s disease following transsphenoidal surgery, and when re-operation is not feasible, medical treatment is usually considered. Cabergoline was found to be effective in reducing hypercortisolism in Cushing’s disease …
Basil Leoutsakos, Agnes Leoutsakos
Aline Freitas-de-Melo, Juan Pablo Damián, Maria José Hötzel, Georgget Banchero, Rodolfo Ungerfeld
OBJECTIVE: In rodents, progesterone (P4) pretreatment increases anxiety and response to stressors. Social isolation is a stressor that generates physiological and behavioural stress responses in sheep. The aim of the study was to compare the stress response of anoestrous ewes previously treated or not with P4 to the social isolation test. DESIGN: Ten ewes received P4 treatment during 13 d (group P4-W) and another 10 remained untreated as controls (group Con) …
Zac C. Etheridge, Christopher Schofield, Peter J.J. Prinsloo, Nigel D.C. Sturrock
Hypocalcaemia due to hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy is a relatively common occurrence. Standard treatment is with oral calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy; lack of response to oral therapy is rare. Herein we describe a case of hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy unresponsive to oral therapy …