A Paradox: The Roles of Inositolphosphoglycans in mediating insulin sensitivity and Hyperandrogenism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Kai I. Cheang1, Paulina Essah2, John E. Nestler2,3 1Ph.D., Department of Pharmacy, 2M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, 3M.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia   Supported in part by NIH grants to J.E.N.: RO1HD35629 and K24HD40237 Current evidence suggests that insulin resistance contributes to the pathophysiologic Read More

Growth, pubertal development, skeletal maturation and bone mass acquisition in athletes

Neoklis A. Georgopoulos, Kostas B. Markou, Anastasia Theodoropoulou, George A. Vagenakis, Panagiotis Mylonas, Apostolos G. Vagenakis Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology (N.A.G.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (K.B.M., A.T., G.A.V., P.M., A.G.V.), University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, 26500, Greece Abstract The genetic potentials for growth can be Read More

The Adult Consequences of Feminising Genital Surgery in Infancy. A Growing Skepticism

Sarah M. Creighton Elizabeth-Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital University College London Hospitals, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DH, UK INTRODUCTION In contemporary management of the infant with ambiguous genitalia assigned to a female gender surgery plays a central role. Once the infant is assigned to a female sex of rearing, feminising genital surgery almost always follows Read More

The Pathophysiology of Miscarriage in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Review and Proposed Hypothesis of Mechanisms Involved

Paulina A. Essah, Kai I. Cheang, John E. Nestler Departments of Internal Medicine (P.A.E., J.E.N.), Pharmacy (K.I.C.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.E.N.), Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 INTRODUCTION The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility Read More

A Tribute to Carl Adolph von Basedow: To commemorate 150 years since his death

Leonidas H. Duntas Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece "… 1832 erkrankte Herr M. ernstlich an einem Brechdurchfalle, will danach nicht wieder gesund geworden sein, sondern seitdem viel an allgemeiner Hitze des Blutes, starken Schweissen und anfangenden Brustbeklemmungen gelitten haben, wobei er sich leidenschaftlich Abkuehlung darin fand, die Brustbekleidung gegen Read More

Growth hormone deficiency associated with moyamoya disease in a 16 year-old boy

Maria Kalina1, Barbara Kalina-Faska1, Katarzyna Wojaczynska-Stanek2, Ewa Malecka-Tendera1, Elzbieta Marszal2 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, 2Department of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Abstract Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder which, according to a few literature reports, can coexist with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. We report a Read More

The concurrence of Microalbuminuria and Retinopathy with Cardiovascular Risk Factors; reliable predictors of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

George Ioannidis1, Melpomeni Peppa1, Phivi Rontogianni2, Michael Callifronas1, Christos Papadimitriou3, Georgia Chrysanthopoulou1, Lambros Anthopoulos3, Matina Kesse2, Nicolaos Thalassinos1 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2Department of Nuclear Medicine and 31st Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, 106 76 Greece Abstract People with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) have a greater risk for premature morbidity and Read More

The effect of long-term somatostatin analogue treatment on free and total insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -I, -II and IGF binding protein -1, -2 and -3 serum levels in euthyroid patients with active thyroid eye disease

Gerasimos Krassas1, Nikolaos Pontikides1, Argyrios Dumas2, Jan Frystyk3, Jian-WenChen3, Allan Flyvbjerg3 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 55132 Greece, 2Hippokrates, Nuclear Medicine Center, Thessaloniki, 54622 Greece, 3Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus Kommunehospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C., DK-8000 Denmark Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term somatostatin Read More

Glucocorticoids and bone: cellular, metabolic and endocrine effects

Mauro Doga, Stefania Bonadonna, Andrea Giustina Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy INTRODUCTION Chronic exposure to excessive concentrations of endogenous cortisol or to pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids (GCs) causes multiple deleterious effects on body structure and function. Osteopenia, osteoporosis and bone fractures are well recognized consequences of excessive GC exposure, with fractures being Read More

The role of estrogens in cardiovascular disease in the aftermath of clinical trials

Lambrini Gouva, Agathocles Tsatsoulis Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece Abstract The effects of estrogens on reproductive tissues and climacteric symptoms are unambiguous. However, their effects on other tissues and, in particular, the cardiovascular system remain controversial. In general, premenopausal women are protected from coronary heart disease (CHD) Read More