Novel Approaches to the Management of Graves` Ophthalmopathy

Luigi Bartalena, Maria Laura Tanda, Alessandra Medea, Claudio Marcocci, Aldo Pinchera

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Severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy constitutes a complex therapeutic challenge and treatment outcome often is not satisfactory. Established methods of treatment include high-dose glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy and orbital decompression. Recently, the use of intravenous glucocorticoids has been shown to provide more favorable results than oral glucocorticoids…

Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid function, goiter formation and autoimmune thyroid disorders

Nikolaos Pontikides, Gerassimos E. Krassas

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Both smoking and thyroid dysfunction are frequent in the general population. Many studies have shown that cigarette smoking interferes with thyroid function and with the evolution of thyroid pathology (e.g. goiter formation and thyroid cancer development). Some studies have also suggested a significant correlation of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Graves’ ophthalmopathy…