Marko Kaleva and Jorma Toppari Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland * This work was supported by the Turku University Central Hospital, the Academy of Finland and the European Commission (contracts BMH4-CT96-0314, QLK4-CT1999-01422, QLK4-CT2001-00269 and QLK4-CT2002-00603) Abstract Testicular descent is an essential part of normal male sexual development. Any anomaly Read More
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Genetic Testing in Clinical Endocrinology
Constantin Polychronakos Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Center (Children's Hospital), Montréal, Québec, Canada INTRODUCTION For the past several decades, the standard diagnostic and clinical research tool in endocrinology has been the hormone assay. The enormous surge in the development and use of molecular and cell biology technologies in the past two decades has advanced Read More
A short history of the thyroid gland
V. Leoutsakos Dept of Surgery Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, 115 27 Greece Goiter is very common in many parts of the world and was recognized long before the thyroid gland itself. Since prehistoric times, the visible outgrowths in the front of the neck have been objects of curiosity and study. Their nature, appearance, Read More
The significance of the number seven in ancient Greece and its relation to Endocrinology
Menalaos L. Batrinos Athens, University School of medicine Athens, Greece Many ancients held various beliefs about the supernatural virtues of certain numbers. In ancient Greece, the school of Pythagoras (590 BC) taught the doctrine of the numerical essence of natural events. In accordance with this theory, the number 7 was considered a sacred number and Read More
Growth without growth hormone (GH): A case report
Polyzois Makras, Dimitris Papadogias, Grigoris Kaltsas, Nikolaos Kaklas, Georgios Piaditis Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, 115 27 Greece Abstract Growth without growth hormone (GH) has occasionally been described in patients with organic pituitary pathology, and even more rarely in patients with idiopathic pituitary hormone deficiency. The mechanism of growth without Read More
Roles of Protein Kinase A (PKA) and PKC on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)-Induced Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium from Extra- and Intra-cellular Sources
Irini Dermitzaki1, Christos Tsatsanis1, Vassiliki-Ismini Alexaki2, Elias Castanas2, Andrew N. Margioris1 1Departments of Clinical Chemistry-Biochemistry, 2Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-710 03, Greece Abstract Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) affects cytosolic calcium ion levels. The aim of the present work was to examine the role of protein kinase A (PKA)- and PKC-dependent Read More
A Paradox: The Roles of Inositolphosphoglycans in mediating insulin sensitivity and Hyperandrogenism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Kai I. Cheang1, Paulina Essah2, John E. Nestler2,3 1Ph.D., Department of Pharmacy, 2M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, 3M.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia Supported in part by NIH grants to J.E.N.: RO1HD35629 and K24HD40237 Current evidence suggests that insulin resistance contributes to the pathophysiologic Read More
Growth, pubertal development, skeletal maturation and bone mass acquisition in athletes
Neoklis A. Georgopoulos, Kostas B. Markou, Anastasia Theodoropoulou, George A. Vagenakis, Panagiotis Mylonas, Apostolos G. Vagenakis Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology (N.A.G.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (K.B.M., A.T., G.A.V., P.M., A.G.V.), University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, 26500, Greece Abstract The genetic potentials for growth can be Read More
The Adult Consequences of Feminising Genital Surgery in Infancy. A Growing Skepticism
Sarah M. Creighton Elizabeth-Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital University College London Hospitals, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DH, UK INTRODUCTION In contemporary management of the infant with ambiguous genitalia assigned to a female gender surgery plays a central role. Once the infant is assigned to a female sex of rearing, feminising genital surgery almost always follows Read More
The Pathophysiology of Miscarriage in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Review and Proposed Hypothesis of Mechanisms Involved
Paulina A. Essah, Kai I. Cheang, John E. Nestler Departments of Internal Medicine (P.A.E., J.E.N.), Pharmacy (K.I.C.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.E.N.), Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 INTRODUCTION The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility Read More