The adrenal gland microenvironment in health, disease and during regeneration

Waldemar Kanczkowski, Mariko Sue, Stefan R. Bornstein

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The adrenal gland is a key component of the stress system in the human body. Multiple direct and paracrine interactions between different cell types and their progenitors take place within the adrenal gland microenvironment. These unique interactions are supported by high vascularization and the adrenal cortex extracellular matrix. Alterations in the adrenal gland microenvironment are known to influence the progression of several pathological conditions, such as obesity and sepsis, and to be influenced …

Diversity in endocrinology practice: the case of Ramadan

Ioannis Ilias, Luai Said Tayeh, Isidoros Pachoundakis

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There is today an imperative need to raise health workers’ awareness of contemporary cultural diversity and different beliefs, values and attitudes concerning health and disease in order to provide culturally appropriate and professionally competent care. Muslims currently account for 1%-10% of the population in Western Europe …