Jie-Xue Pan, Jun-Yu Zhang, Zhang-Hong Ke, Fang-Fang Wang, John A. Barry, Paul J. Hardiman, Fan Qu
Androgens, which are mediated via the androgen receptor (AR), play important roles in normal follicular development and female fertility. However, just like a double-edged sword, besides the positive effects of androgen on follicular development, abnormal androgen levels, especially as in hyperandrogenism, seriously suppress normal follicular development …
Vassiliki Pelekanou, George Notas, Efstathios N. Stathopoulos, Elias Castanas, Marilena Kampa
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies and causes of death among men in western societies. It has thus attracted the interest of the scientific community, which has resulted in great improvements in survival rates in recent years. As early as the 1940s, Huggins and Hodges first demonstrated that prostate cancer is androgen dependent …
Dimitrios G. Goulis, Paschalia K. Iliadou, Athanasios Papanicolaou, Ioannis Georgiou, Anthi Chatzikyriakidou, Spiridon Gerou, Ioannis N. Bontis, Ioannis Papadimas
An 18-year old, phenotypically female individual was examined for primary amenorrhea. Three months before her referral, the patient underwent surgery and a pelvic mass was removed. The physical examination revealed normal female external genitalia, normal breast development, sparse pubic hair and absence of axillary hair…
Sezer Acar, Hale Tuhan, Elçin Bora, Korcan Demir, Hüseyin Onay, Derya Erçal, Ece Böber, Ayhan Abacı
Genital anomalies, ranging from female genitalia to milder degrees of undervirilization, are rarely reported in Klinefelter syndrome, in which a male is classically expected to be born with male external genitalia. Though androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is one of the possible pathogenic mechanisms also in Klinefelter syndrome with genital anomalies, to date the AR gene has not been analyzed in any of the published cases of Klinefelter syndrome of the milder phenotype …