Estrogens and brain function

Athina Markou, Theodora Duka, Gordana M. Prelevic

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Cognitive decline is well recognized during ageing but is often accelerated in women after menopause. Studies have shown that there are significant gender differences in brain ageing with significantly greater changes in brain structure, function and metabolism between females and males. Estrogens exert protective effects on neuronal cells in culture but the exact underlying …

Autophagy in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders

Yogendra S. Rajawat, Ioannis Bossis

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Autophagy (ATG) is the process of bulk degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins, macromolecular aggregates, and damaged intracellular organelles. Cellular homeostasis requires continuous removal of worn-out components and replacement …