The adrenal glands: a brief historical perspective

Basil Leoutsakos1, Agnes Leoutsakos2 1Department of Surgery, Athens University Medical School, 2World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland  There have been numerous references to the existence of the adrenal glands ever since ancient times, with an increasing amount of knowledge being accumulated and recorded from the 16th century on.1 Although it would evidently not be possible to Read More

Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland

Ines Zendah, Hafaoua Daghfous, Sonia Ben Mrad, Fatma Tritar Abderrahmene Mami Hospital of Pneumology, C Pneumology Department, Tunis, Tunisia Abstract Thyroid tuberculosis is a rare disease even in countries in which tuberculosis (TB) constitutes an endemic disorder. The diagnosis is often difficult as the clinical presentation has no distinct characteristics. We report a 47-year-old woman Read More

Alterations of coagulation in metformin intoxication

Baris Akinci1, Serkan Yener1, Goksel Bengi2, Sena Yesil1 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey Abstract It is widely known that metformin reduces the levels of circulating pro-coagulant factors and improve fibrinolytic activity in type 2 diabetes when used in therapeutic doses. Potential alterations of coagulation Read More

Isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency and flexion contractures syndrome

Vassiliki Syriou, Anestis Moisidis, Nikolaos Tamouridis, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, Margarita Anapliotou Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Endocrinology, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece Abstract We present a 73-year-old man with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and ?flexion contractures? syndrome along with a review of the relevant literature. The patient initially presented anorexia, vomiting, arthralgias, Read More

Male offspring of both diabetic parents have higher insulin resistance and serum leptin levels compared to those with one diabetic parent

Adeela Shahid, Khalid P. Lone, Sadia Saeed, Muhammad Arslan Centre for Research in Endocrinology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan This study was supported by a research grant from the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan Abstract OBJECTIVE: We studied the influence of positive family history (FH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Read More

The impact of the hormonal milieu and stress-associated hypothalamic dopaminergic activation on the rapid compensatory adrenal growth in cycling female rats

Anastasia Sfikakis, Pothitos M. Pitychoutis, Katerina Antoniou, Nikolaos Bikas, Zeta Papadopoulou-Daifoti Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece Abstract OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the impact of emotional and surgical stress applied in two hormonally different estrous-cycle phases as well as the hypothalamic dopaminergic involvement on the rapid compensatory adrenal growth (CAG) Read More

Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage

Athina Kaprara, Gerasimos E. Krassas Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, "Panagia" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The relation of thyroid autoimmunity to miscarriage is an important issue that has attracted the interest of many investigators. A number of papers have been published so far, which include healthy women, women with recurrent miscarriage and those Read More

Chronic stress, visceral obesity and gonadal dysfunction

Ioannis Kyrou1,2, Constantine Tsigos1 1Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece, 2Unit for Diabetes and Metabolism, WISDEM, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Abstract Chronic stress represents a prolonged state of dyshomeostasis caused by intense and frequently imposed stressors. Obesity constitutes a Read More

IMPLICATION OF THE WNT PATHWAY IN THE DIFFERENTIATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE THYROID CELL

Sastre-Perona A., Moya C. M., Santisteban P. Fisiopatologia Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Madrid, Spain Abstract Alterations of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways have been involved in the development of several epithelial tumours. Therefore the aim of this project was to determine the expression of different members of this pathway Read More

MODULATION OF IODIDE UPTAKE AND RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS (RAR AND RXR) EXPRESSION BY THYROTROPIN AND RETINOIC ACID

Souza CL.E.1, Coelho M.S.2, Alves M.A.2, Takyia M.Ch.2, Nasciutti L.E.2, Carvalho P.D.1 1Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, 2Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, UFRJ Abstract etinoic acid (RA) has been used to reinduce iodide uptake in advanced thyroid cancer, however retinoic acid receptors regulation in thyroid cells has not been well defined. We aimed Read More